A: Meiosis typically results in the production of
B: Polypeptides
C: Peptide
D: 4 Haploid cells
E: 4 carbon rings
Q: Crossing over occurs during ...
A: Prophase 1
B: Anaphase 2
C: Proteins
D: Peptide
Q: 4 types of organic compounds
A: Fats, phospholipids, steroids
B: Ratio of carbs, lipids, and nitrogen
C: A cap and a tail are provided
D: Nucleus acids, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins
Q: Do the heads of phospholipids like or dislike water
A: Likes(hydrophilic)
B: Peptide
C: Polypeptides
D: Dislike(hydrophobic)
Q: Each "word" in the mRNA language consists of how many letters?
A: DNA
B: 2
C: RNA
D: 3
Q: What does it mean that lipids are non polar
A: Saturated and unsaturated
B: Section of DNA lost or deleted
C: To share electron(polar and non polar)
D: Doesn't dissolve in any polars(water)
Q: What are the 3 types of carbs?
A: Polysaccharides
B: Looses shape and function
C: Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
D: A cap and a tail are provided
Q: What is another name for proteins
A: Peptide
B: Nucleotides
C: Polypeptides
D: Polysaccharides
A: DNA RNA
B: 3
C: RNA
D: Plants
Q: What are phospholipids a major part of
A: Sex cell
B: Cell membrane
C: DNA RNA
D: 2 or more
Q: Do the 2 tails of a phospholipid like or dislike water
A: Polysaccharides
B: Dislike(hydrophobic)
C: Lipids
D: Insulin and hemogloblins
Q: Proteins act as what in cells to control reActions
A: Plants
B: Cuticle
C: Simple
D: Catalysts
A: Catalysts
B: Carbs and lipids
C: Sucrose and lactose
D: Starch and glycogen
Q: If meiosis did not occur in sexually reproducing organisms,
A: Looses shape and function
B: Water is removed to hold amino acids together
C: The chromosome number would double each generation
D: Section of DNA lost or deleted
A: Glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains. This is known as a trygliceride
B: Ratio of carbs, lipids, and nitrogen
C: A cap and a tail are provided
D: Water is removed to hold amino acids together
Q: How many structures does a disaccharide have
A: 2
B: DNA
C: 1
D: 3
Q: What are 2 examples of disaccharides
A: Sucrose and lactose
B: Starch and glycogen
C: Galactose and glucose
D: Covalent bond
A: Water is removed to hold amino acids together
B: Transfer(give and take)
C: To share electron(polar and non polar)
D: Ratio of carbs, lipids, and nitrogen
Q: What are steroids composed of
A: 4 carbon rings
B: Proteins
C: Carbs and lipids
D: 4 Haploid cells
Q: What is an example of nucleic acids
A: DNA RNA
B: DNA
C: RNA
D: 2
Q: What are 2 examples of steroids
A: Carbs and lipids
B: Cholesterol and hormones
C: Energy storage
D: Short term energy
Q: Name a waxy lipid covering plants
A: Peptide
B: Lipids
C: Cuticle
D: Animals
Q: How many structures does a polymer have
A: 2 or more
B: Structure
C: Animals
D: RNA
Q: What makes up chains of nucleus acids
A: Polypeptides
B: Peptide
C: Cuticle
D: Nucleotides
A: Cholesterol and hormones
B: Galactose and glucose
C: Section of DNA lost or deleted
D: Attractions between atoms or molecules
A: Proteins
B: Prophase 1
C: RNA
D: Plants
Q: If all the macromolecules are made mainly of the elements CHO how are they different
A: Fats, phospholipids, steroids
B: Starch and glycogen
C: Ratio of carbs, lipids, and nitrogen
D: Carbon, hydrogen, oxegen, nitrogen
A: Covalent bond
B: Energy storage
C: Cell membrane
D: Saturated
Q: Sister chromatids are separated from each other during
A: DNA RNA
B: Animals
C: Peptide
D: Anaphase 2
Q: How many phosphates make up ATP
A: 3
B: 2
C: 1:2:1
D: DNA
Q: If there are all single bonds carbon in the fatty acid chain then it is
A: Animals
B: Cuticle
C: Saturated
D: Unsaturated
A: Proteins
B: RNA
C: Lipids
D: Plants
Q: Before leaving the nucleus the RNA molecule...
A: Chromosome pieces change positions on same or different chromosomes
B: Becomes capped, is stripped of its introns, breaks loose from the terminator signal and the template, and acquires a poly-A tail
C: Water is removed to hold amino acids together
D: Nucleus acids, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins
Q: If there is one or more double bonds between carbon in the fatty acid chain then it is
A: Structure
B: Animals
C: Saturated
D: Unsaturated
Q: Are lipids polar or non polar
A: DNA
B: Nonpolar
C: Simple
D: Animals
Q: What type of sugars are monosaccharides
A: Simple
B: Animals
C: Lipids
D: 1:2:1
Q: What are the subunits of fats
A: Proteins
B: Fatty acids
C: Saturated
D: Lipids
Q: What are 2 examples of disaccharides
A: Sucrose and lactose
B: Starch and glycogen
C: Galactose and glucose
D: Covalent bond
A: DNA RNA
B: 3
C: RNA
D: Plants
A: Glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains. This is known as a trygliceride
B: Ratio of carbs, lipids, and nitrogen
C: A cap and a tail are provided
D: Water is removed to hold amino acids together
Q: What is an example of nucleic acids
A: DNA RNA
B: DNA
C: RNA
D: 2
Q: 4 types of organic compounds
A: Fats, phospholipids, steroids
B: Ratio of carbs, lipids, and nitrogen
C: A cap and a tail are provided
D: Nucleus acids, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins
Q: Crossing over occurs during ...
A: Prophase 1
B: Anaphase 2
C: Proteins
D: Peptide
Q: Name a waxy lipid covering plants
A: Peptide
B: Lipids
C: Cuticle
D: Animals
Q: How many structures does a disaccharide have
A: 2
B: DNA
C: 1
D: 3
Q: What type of sugars are monosaccharides
A: Simple
B: Animals
C: Lipids
D: 1:2:1
Q: Sister chromatids are separated from each other during
A: DNA RNA
B: Animals
C: Peptide
D: Anaphase 2
Q: If there are all single bonds carbon in the fatty acid chain then it is
A: Animals
B: Cuticle
C: Saturated
D: Unsaturated
Q: What are 2 examples of steroids
A: Carbs and lipids
B: Cholesterol and hormones
C: Energy storage
D: Short term energy
Q: Do the heads of phospholipids like or dislike water
A: Likes(hydrophilic)
B: Peptide
C: Polypeptides
D: Dislike(hydrophobic)
Q: Do the 2 tails of a phospholipid like or dislike water
A: Polysaccharides
B: Dislike(hydrophobic)
C: Lipids
D: Insulin and hemogloblins
Q: Are lipids polar or non polar
A: DNA
B: Nonpolar
C: Simple
D: Animals
A: Cholesterol and hormones
B: Galactose and glucose
C: Section of DNA lost or deleted
D: Attractions between atoms or molecules
Q: What does it mean that lipids are non polar
A: Saturated and unsaturated
B: Section of DNA lost or deleted
C: To share electron(polar and non polar)
D: Doesn't dissolve in any polars(water)
Q: What is another name for proteins
A: Peptide
B: Nucleotides
C: Polypeptides
D: Polysaccharides
Q: Before leaving the nucleus the RNA molecule...
A: Chromosome pieces change positions on same or different chromosomes
B: Becomes capped, is stripped of its introns, breaks loose from the terminator signal and the template, and acquires a poly-A tail
C: Water is removed to hold amino acids together
D: Nucleus acids, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins
Q: What are steroids composed of
A: 4 carbon rings
B: Proteins
C: Carbs and lipids
D: 4 Haploid cells
Q: What are phospholipids a major part of
A: Sex cell
B: Cell membrane
C: DNA RNA
D: 2 or more
Q: How many phosphates make up ATP
A: 3
B: 2
C: 1:2:1
D: DNA
Q: What are the 3 types of carbs?
A: Polysaccharides
B: Looses shape and function
C: Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
D: A cap and a tail are provided
A: Proteins
B: Prophase 1
C: RNA
D: Plants
Q: Meiosis typically results in the production of
A: Polypeptides
B: Peptide
C: 4 Haploid cells
D: 4 carbon rings
Q: If all the macromolecules are made mainly of the elements CHO how are they different
A: Fats, phospholipids, steroids
B: Starch and glycogen
C: Ratio of carbs, lipids, and nitrogen
D: Carbon, hydrogen, oxegen, nitrogen
Q: If there is one or more double bonds between carbon in the fatty acid chain then it is
A: Structure
B: Animals
C: Saturated
D: Unsaturated
Q: What are the subunits of fats
A: Proteins
B: Fatty acids
C: Saturated
D: Lipids
A: Proteins
B: RNA
C: Lipids
D: Plants
A: Water is removed to hold amino acids together
B: Transfer(give and take)
C: To share electron(polar and non polar)
D: Ratio of carbs, lipids, and nitrogen
Q: How many structures does a polymer have
A: 2 or more
B: Structure
C: Animals
D: RNA
A: Catalysts
B: Carbs and lipids
C: Sucrose and lactose
D: Starch and glycogen
Q: Each "word" in the mRNA language consists of how many letters?
A: DNA
B: 2
C: RNA
D: 3
A: Covalent bond
B: Energy storage
C: Cell membrane
D: Saturated
Q: Proteins act as what in cells to control reActions
A: Plants
B: Cuticle
C: Simple
D: Catalysts
Q: What makes up chains of nucleus acids
A: Polypeptides
B: Peptide
C: Cuticle
D: Nucleotides
Q: If meiosis did not occur in sexually reproducing organisms,
A: Looses shape and function
B: Water is removed to hold amino acids together
C: The chromosome number would double each generation
D: Section of DNA lost or deleted
Q: How is the structure of phospholipids related to its function?
A: -The polar heads and fatty acid tails enable the cell to form a semi-permeable barrier between the inside of the cell and its environment.
B: are molecules or parts of a molecule that can react with another molecule to affect the interactions of molecules.
C: genetic disease caused by a mutation in the genes that code for the enzymes that either stabilize or make collagen.
D: is the proportion of a particular allele (variant of a gene) among all allele copies being considered
A: A blood pH at or below 7.3
B: Formic acidOxalic acid
C: DNA
D: Amino Acids
Q: Why does ethylene glycol cause metabolic acidosis?
A: the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
B: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) A.K.A liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH)
C: The breakdown of ethylene glycol by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase produces acidic compounds like oxalic acid, and formic acid which makes the body too acidic
D: shape of protein being disruptedOccurs when a protein unfolds
Q: What enzyme breaks down ethylene glycol, ethanol, and methanol?
A: Scurvy is a disease caused by a vitamin C deficiency
B: Formic acidOxalic acid
C: Physical agitationHeatpH changes
D: alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) A.K.A liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH)
Q: What are the two main ways we get different variations of genes?
A: mutations- changes in the DNA sequence.GENETIC RE-SHUFFLING - during the process of meiosis (making of sex cells) whole chromosomal regions of DNA can exchange genetic material.
B: shape of protein being disruptedOccurs when a protein unfolds
C: Evolution-Change of populations over timeDescent with Modification- results from changes in gene frequency which results in change of populations over time
D: Denaturation - destroys protein functioncannot return to original shape
A: the way these genes are selected for or against in nature to increase the reproductive survival (or fitness) of a population is NOT at all random
B: Protein shape in inextricably tied to its proper function. The final shape and components of proteins are essentially important to their function
C: success in the passing of genes onto the next generation in a way that they too can pass on those genes.
D: Since LADH preferentially metabolizes ethanol, if a patient is given ethanol, LADH will "spend it's time" metabolizing the ethanol and it will leave ethylene glycol "alone" and not break it down and it will be excreted
Q: How does vitamin C deficiency compromise collagen structure?
A: -Vitamin D3 is essential for normal growth, calcium absorption, and skeletal development. -Women have a higher need for Vitamin D-Get it by UV radiation-Darker skin people do not absorb enough UV radiation in areas where UV rays don't enter as much(Canada)
B: genetic disease caused by a mutation in the genes that code for the enzymes that either stabilize or make collagen.
C: Vitamin C is a critical co-factor for the function of two enzymes involved in making collagen proteins and stabilizing the collagen fibers.Without the enzymes, no hydroxyl groups will be put on the amino acids of collagen and it will become very weak
D: Protein shape in inextricably tied to its proper function. The final shape and components of proteins are essentially important to their function
Q: How is collagen structure compromised by OI?
A: the way these genes are selected for or against in nature to increase the reproductive survival (or fitness) of a population is NOT at all random
B: success in the passing of genes onto the next generation in a way that they too can pass on those genes.
C: shape of protein being disruptedOccurs when a protein unfolds
D: Some of the enzymes affected by OI are those that put hydroxyl (OH) groups onto the amino acids of collagen protein fibers
Q: How are evolution and its synonym modification with descent defined?
A: mutations- changes in the DNA sequence.GENETIC RE-SHUFFLING - during the process of meiosis (making of sex cells) whole chromosomal regions of DNA can exchange genetic material.
B: Evolution-Change of populations over timeDescent with Modification- results from changes in gene frequency which results in change of populations over time
C: Physical agitationHeatpH changes
D: shape of protein being disruptedOccurs when a protein unfolds
Q: What are the different ways proteins can be denatured?
A: Physical agitationHeatpH changes
B: o A blood pH at or below 7.3
C: Formic acidOxalic acid
D: UV Light (Little pressure)FolateVitamin D
Q: What is meant by reproductive fitness?
A: mutations- changes in the DNA sequence.GENETIC RE-SHUFFLING - during the process of meiosis (making of sex cells) whole chromosomal regions of DNA can exchange genetic material.
B: o Hydroxyl groups, hydrogen bonding, crosslinking alpha helicies
C: genetic disease caused by a mutation in the genes that code for the enzymes that either stabilize or make collagen.
D: success in the passing of genes onto the next generation in a way that they too can pass on those genes.
Q: What are the selective pressures that influenced the evolution of skin color?
A: Physical agitationHeatpH changes
B: Formic acidOxalic acid
C: UV Light (Little pressure)FolateVitamin D
D: Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
Q: What are lipids and what are the major classes of lipids?
A: Covalent-electrons between atoms are sharedIonic-an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atomsHydrogen-a relatively weak bond that holds two or more polar covalent compounds together
B: Organic substances that are relatively insoluble in water and are hydrophobic (water "hating")Fatty acids Triglycerides Phospholipids
C: genetic disease caused by a mutation in the genes that code for the enzymes that either stabilize or make collagen.
D: the way these genes are selected for or against in nature to increase the reproductive survival (or fitness) of a population is NOT at all random
Q: o What is the basic structure and function of phospholipids?
A: -A phospholipid is composed of two hydrophobic fatty acid "tails" and one phosphate group attached to a glycerol "head"-the main structural components of cell membranes
B: Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
C: o Hydroxyl groups, hydrogen bonding, crosslinking alpha helicies
D: Some of the enzymes affected by OI are those that put hydroxyl (OH) groups onto the amino acids of collagen protein fibers
Q: What makes collagen strong and stable?
A: Physical agitationHeatpH changes
B: Scurvy is a disease caused by a vitamin C deficiency
C: o Hydroxyl groups, hydrogen bonding, crosslinking alpha helicies
D: Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
Q: What are the four types of biological molecules?
A: Formic acidOxalic acid
B: Amino Acids
C: Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
D: o A blood pH at or below 7.3
Q: o What are the mechanisms of evolution by natural selection?
A: 1.Mutation, Migration, and genetic drift can change gene frequency which results in evolution2.Evolution is caused by natural selection which requires genetic variation which comes from sexual reproduction and mutation in DNA, genetic drift, migration
B: MutationMigrationGenetic Drift-chance changes from generation to generation
C: mutations- changes in the DNA sequence.GENETIC RE-SHUFFLING - during the process of meiosis (making of sex cells) whole chromosomal regions of DNA can exchange genetic material.
D: Physical agitationHeatpH changes
Q: What are functional groups and what are their general purposes?
A: macromolecules made from joining smaller molecules called amino acids.
B: -The polar heads and fatty acid tails enable the cell to form a semi-permeable barrier between the inside of the cell and its environment.
C: is the proportion of a particular allele (variant of a gene) among all allele copies being considered
D: are molecules or parts of a molecule that can react with another molecule to affect the interactions of molecules.
Q: What is folic acid and why is it important for reproductive fitness?
A: -Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body-Skin, connective tissue, blood vessels. -glue that holds the body together
B: Covalent-electrons between atoms are sharedIonic-an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atomsHydrogen-a relatively weak bond that holds two or more polar covalent compounds together
C: -Folate is an essential nutrient for DNA synthesis. -Since cells reproduce at a fast pace during fetal development(and hence, there is a lot of DNA replication), the highestlevels of folate are needed during pregnancy.
D: Scurvy is a disease caused by a vitamin C deficiency
A: Amino Acids
B: Formic acidOxalic acid
C: o A blood pH at or below 7.3
D: Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
Q: What is the connection between protein denaturation and protein function?
A: Denaturation - destroys protein functioncannot return to original shape
B: shape of protein being disruptedOccurs when a protein unfolds
C: Physical agitationHeatpH changes
D: UV Light (Little pressure)FolateVitamin D
Q: What are the different levels of protein structure?
A: 1.Primary Structure - sequence of AA2.Secondary Structure - simple AA folding structures 3.Tertiary Structure -connecting secondary structures4.Quaternary Structure - multi- subunit protein
B: mutations- changes in the DNA sequence.GENETIC RE-SHUFFLING - during the process of meiosis (making of sex cells) whole chromosomal regions of DNA can exchange genetic material.
C: shape of protein being disruptedOccurs when a protein unfolds
D: UV Light (Little pressure)FolateVitamin D
Q: What is the connection between vitamin C, collagen hydroxylation, collagen stability, and scurvy?
A: Some of the enzymes affected by OI are those that put hydroxyl (OH) groups onto the amino acids of collagen protein fibers
B: o Hydroxyl groups, hydrogen bonding, crosslinking alpha helicies
C: UV Light (Little pressure)FolateVitamin D
D: Without enough vitamin C, the collagen does not get hydroxolated and collagen stability is unstable and useless and causes scurvy
A: Organic substances that are relatively insoluble in water and are hydrophobic (water "hating")Fatty acids Triglycerides Phospholipids
B: the way these genes are selected for or against in nature to increase the reproductive survival (or fitness) of a population is NOT at all random
C: -Folate is an essential nutrient for DNA synthesis. -Since cells reproduce at a fast pace during fetal development(and hence, there is a lot of DNA replication), the highestlevels of folate are needed during pregnancy.
D: Some of the enzymes affected by OI are those that put hydroxyl (OH) groups onto the amino acids of collagen protein fibers
Q: What is scurvy and what causes this condition?
A: o A blood pH at or below 7.3
B: Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
C: Scurvy is a disease caused by a vitamin C deficiency
D: Formic acidOxalic acid
Q: Physical agitationHeatpH changes
A: o Hydroxyl groups, hydrogen bonding, crosslinking alpha helicies
B: -Oxygen and hydrogen form a covalent bond to make water-Two water molecules interacting like to form a hydrogen bond-Hydrogen bonds hold the base pairs in DNA together to form its double helix structure.
C: -Folate is an essential nutrient for DNA synthesis. -Since cells reproduce at a fast pace during fetal development(and hence, there is a lot of DNA replication), the highestlevels of folate are needed during pregnancy.
A: o Hydroxyl groups, hydrogen bonding, crosslinking alpha helicies
B: macromolecules made from joining smaller molecules called amino acids.
C: Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
D: Formic acidOxalic acid
Q: Characteristics of living things
A: HydroxylPhosphate Sulfhydryl CarboxylAmino
B: Have one or more cellsHave DNARequire energyMetabolizeGrowRespond to stimuliAdaptReproduce
C: UV Light (Little pressure)FolateVitamin D
D: shape of protein being disruptedOccurs when a protein unfolds
Q: What are the different kinds of functional groups?
A: Have one or more cellsHave DNARequire energyMetabolizeGrowRespond to stimuliAdaptReproduce
B: HydroxylPhosphate Sulfhydryl CarboxylAmino
C: Physical agitationHeatpH changes
D: UV Light (Little pressure)FolateVitamin D
Q: What is metabolic acidosis?
A: Formic acidOxalic acid
B: o A blood pH at or below 7.3
C: DNA
D: Amino Acids
Q: How is the structure of a protein related to its function?
A: Physical agitationHeatpH changes
B: Vitamin C is a critical co-factor for the function of two enzymes involved in making collagen proteins and stabilizing the collagen fibers.Without the enzymes, no hydroxyl groups will be put on the amino acids of collagen and it will become very weak
C: Denaturation - destroys protein functioncannot return to original shape
D: Protein shape in inextricably tied to its proper function. The final shape and components of proteins are essentially important to their function
A: are molecules or parts of a molecule that can react with another molecule to affect the interactions of molecules.
B: is the proportion of a particular allele (variant of a gene) among all allele copies being considered
C: o Hydroxyl groups, hydrogen bonding, crosslinking alpha helicies
D: Scurvy is a disease caused by a vitamin C deficiency
Q: What is the basic structure of collagen?
A: o Hydroxyl groups, hydrogen bonding, crosslinking alpha helicies
B: UV Light (Little pressure)FolateVitamin D
C: Scurvy is a disease caused by a vitamin C deficiency
D: -forms long rigid polypeptide chains arranged in a TRIPLE alpha HELIX.-Triple alpha helices are three polypeptide strands wound around one another like a rope.
Q: What is osteogenesis imperfect (OI) and what is its cause?
A: Scurvy is a disease caused by a vitamin C deficiency
B: -The polar heads and fatty acid tails enable the cell to form a semi-permeable barrier between the inside of the cell and its environment.
C: genetic disease caused by a mutation in the genes that code for the enzymes that either stabilize or make collagen.
D: Vitamin C is a critical co-factor for the function of two enzymes involved in making collagen proteins and stabilizing the collagen fibers.Without the enzymes, no hydroxyl groups will be put on the amino acids of collagen and it will become very weak
Q: What is vitamin D and why is it important for reproductive fitness?
A: -Folate is an essential nutrient for DNA synthesis. -Since cells reproduce at a fast pace during fetal development(and hence, there is a lot of DNA replication), the highestlevels of folate are needed during pregnancy.
B: Vitamin C is a critical co-factor for the function of two enzymes involved in making collagen proteins and stabilizing the collagen fibers.Without the enzymes, no hydroxyl groups will be put on the amino acids of collagen and it will become very weak
C: Protein shape in inextricably tied to its proper function. The final shape and components of proteins are essentially important to their function
D: -Vitamin D3 is essential for normal growth, calcium absorption, and skeletal development. -Women have a higher need for Vitamin D-Get it by UV radiation-Darker skin people do not absorb enough UV radiation in areas where UV rays don't enter as much(Canada)
Q: What is collagen, where is it found, and what is its purpose?
A: -Folate is an essential nutrient for DNA synthesis. -Since cells reproduce at a fast pace during fetal development(and hence, there is a lot of DNA replication), the highestlevels of folate are needed during pregnancy.
B: -Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body-Skin, connective tissue, blood vessels. -glue that holds the body together
C: Scurvy is a disease caused by a vitamin C deficiency
D: -Oxygen and hydrogen form a covalent bond to make water-Two water molecules interacting like to form a hydrogen bond-Hydrogen bonds hold the base pairs in DNA together to form its double helix structure.
Q: What is meant by protein denaturation?
A: Formic acidOxalic acid
B: UV Light (Little pressure)FolateVitamin D
C: shape of protein being disruptedOccurs when a protein unfolds
D: Physical agitationHeatpH changes
A: Denaturation - destroys protein functioncannot return to original shape
B: Scurvy is a disease caused by a vitamin C deficiency
C: MutationMigrationGenetic Drift-chance changes from generation to generation
D: 1.Mutation, Migration, and genetic drift can change gene frequency which results in evolution2.Evolution is caused by natural selection which requires genetic variation which comes from sexual reproduction and mutation in DNA, genetic drift, migration
A: Scurvy is a disease caused by a vitamin C deficiency
B: the way these genes are selected for or against in nature to increase the reproductive survival (or fitness) of a population is NOT at all random
C: The breakdown of ethylene glycol by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase produces acidic compounds like oxalic acid, and formic acid which makes the body too acidic
D: the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
A: Covalent-electrons between atoms are sharedIonic-an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged atomsHydrogen-a relatively weak bond that holds two or more polar covalent compounds together
B: shape of protein being disruptedOccurs when a protein unfolds
C: -Folate is an essential nutrient for DNA synthesis. -Since cells reproduce at a fast pace during fetal development(and hence, there is a lot of DNA replication), the highestlevels of folate are needed during pregnancy.
D: UV Light (Little pressure)FolateVitamin D
Q: How does DNA explain both the unity and diversity of life?
A: Scurvy is a disease caused by a vitamin C deficiency
B: the way these genes are selected for or against in nature to increase the reproductive survival (or fitness) of a population is NOT at all random
C: genetic disease caused by a mutation in the genes that code for the enzymes that either stabilize or make collagen.
D: unity in that there are only four nucleotides that makes every single organisms DNA but they way they can be sequenced is diffrent
Q: What are the basic building blocks of proteins?
A: Amino Acids
B: o A blood pH at or below 7.3
C: DNA
D: Formic acidOxalic acid
Q: What is broken down to make ATP?
A: Endocytosis
B: Carbohydrates or sugar
C: requires energy
D: Carrier
Q: When one area has a higher concentration of substance that another area does a ___ exists.
A: Concentration Gradient
B: Transport proteins
C: Lactic Acid
D: Hypertonic
A: Cell surface markers
B: Where an ovum (egg) matures
C: To reproduce cells
D: Transport proteins
A: Chromosome mutation is either gaining or losing a segment or entire chromosome while a gene mutation could be a mutation of one nitrogenous out of many bases on a single chromosome
B: Membranes are very selective, allowing onlly certain substances to enter or leave the cell either through channels or carriers
C: Either of the two strands joined together by a single centromere, formed from the duplication of the chromosome during the early stages of cell division and then separate to become individual chromosome during the late stages of cell division.
D: Testes or ovaries of the male or female reproductive organs
Q: What is the importance of genetic diversity?
A: Produced in the testes, then are stored in the epydidimis, then travel in the vas defferen, then are passed by the seminal vesicles, travel in the urethra and out the urethra opening.
B: A haploid is half of the cell (2), when the diploid is the whole. Like 23 is the haploid, 46 is the diploid.
C: Testes or ovaries of the male or female reproductive organs
D: So that every species is not the same, meaning that if a disaster would arise, the species would not all die off if a huge sickness came. (increased resiliency)
Q: What is the difference between a cell that is diploid and one that is haploid?
A: Testes or ovaries of the male or female reproductive organs
B: Produced in the testes, then are stored in the epydidimis, then travel in the vas defferen, then are passed by the seminal vesicles, travel in the urethra and out the urethra opening.
C: A haploid is half of the cell (2), when the diploid is the whole. Like 23 is the haploid, 46 is the diploid.
D: So that every species is not the same, meaning that if a disaster would arise, the species would not all die off if a huge sickness came. (increased resiliency)
Q: Unlike passive transport, active transport _
A: Carrier
B: Abstinence
C: Energy
D: requires energy
Q: Does aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration create more ATP?
A: Aerobic
B: Osmosis
C: Hypertonic
D: Hypotonic
Q: The cell membrane is made up of a double layer of?
A: Phospholipid bilayer
B: Phospholipids
C: Osmosis
D: Phospholipid
A: First 6-8 weeks, up to 2 cm long
B: After 8 weeks, all basic tissues are present; rapid growth
C: Alcoholic respiration
D: Where an ovum (egg) matures
Q: Which type of cells would have to make the most ATP?
A: Carrier
B: Muscle Cells
C: Abstinence
D: Energy
Q: What type of molecule makes up the cell membrane?Describe its structure.
A: Phospholipid bilayer
B: Osmosis
C: Phospholipids
D: Homeostasis
A: Testes or ovaries of the male or female reproductive organs
B: Cell surface markers
C: Transport proteins
D: To reproduce cells
Q: A phospholipid is made up of polar phosphate "head" and two ______ "tails".
A: Energy
B: Hypotonic
C: Carrier
D: Non-polar
A: Osmosis
B: Hypotonic
C: Hypertonic
D: Homeostasis
A: The finches of the Galapagos Islands showed speciation after being isolated on different islands. Adapted to the different food sources on the different islands after a long period of time by changing the shape of their beaks.
B: The result of the follicle rupturing after the egg is released and releases progesterone to help form the uterine lining
C: The material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.
D: The center of the two chromosomes that holds them together. The centromeres split during anaphase 2
A: The material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA.
B: Made of two homologous chromosomes, each consisting of two chromatids. Four chromatids pair up. It means that they exchange genes.
C: The center of the two chromosomes that holds them together. The centromeres split during anaphase 2
D: Testes or ovaries of the male or female reproductive organs
Q: What is the difference between active and passive transport? Give examples of each.
A: active transport requires energy unlike passive transport osmosis is a passive transport and a sodium-potassium pump is a type of active transport
B: So that every species is not the same, meaning that if a disaster would arise, the species would not all die off if a huge sickness came. (increased resiliency)
C: Testes or ovaries of the male or female reproductive organs
D: After 8 weeks, all basic tissues are present; rapid growth
Q: The diffusion of water in or out of a cell is called?
A: Aerobic
B: Homeostasis
C: Energy
D: Osmosis
Q: Explain the theory evolution by Natural Selection. What were the steps?
A: when gametes form by meiosis each pair of chromosomes separate in a stage called disjunction when pairs fail to separate properly the error is called nondisjunction down syndrome and trisomy 21. Not as many or more chromosomes than needed.
B: Only the strongest species will survive. Over production, variations (genetically), selection, adaptation.
C: Genetic diversity so that species would not die off only by one disease.
D: Testes or ovaries of the male or female reproductive organs
Q: In what organelle is ATP made?
A: Diffusion
B: Mitochondria
C: Osmosis
D: Hypertonic
A: The center of the two chromosomes that holds them together. The centromeres split during anaphase 2
B: The finches of the Galapagos Islands showed speciation after being isolated on different islands. Adapted to the different food sources on the different islands after a long period of time by changing the shape of their beaks.
C: Testes or ovaries of the male or female reproductive organs
D: Either of the two strands joined together by a single centromere, formed from the duplication of the chromosome during the early stages of cell division and then separate to become individual chromosome during the late stages of cell division.
Q: Active transport uses ____ to move molecules against their concentration gradient.
A: Diffuse
B: Energy
C: Carrier
D: Aerobic
Q: The movement of molecules from high to low concentration is?
A: Carrier
B: Diffuse
C: Diffusion
D: Osmosis
A: Transport proteins
B: Hypertonic
C: Phospholipids
D: Hypotonic
A: Carrier
B: 4
C: Aerobic
D: Energy
Q: What is the difference between hypotonic and hypertonic & isotonic solution?
A: The process of reading instructions on an RNA molecule to put together the amino acids that make up a protein
B: Testes or ovaries of the male or female reproductive organs
C: So that every species is not the same, meaning that if a disaster would arise, the species would not all die off if a huge sickness came. (increased resiliency)
D: Hypotonic means lower solute concentration, hypertonic is higher concentration, isotonic means equal concentration.
A: First 6-8 weeks, up to 2 cm long
B: Alcoholic respiration
C: from high to low
D: to make reproductive cells
Q: What is the only effective way to prevent unplanned pregnancy and STD's?
A: Diffuse
B: Hypotonic
C: Energy
D: Abstinence
A: Endocytosis
B: Hypertonic
C: Energy
D: Hypotonic
Q: Proteins in the cell membrane that identify the cell are called?
A: Cell surface markers
B: Carrier
C: Lactic Acid
D: To reproduce cells
A: An inherited trait that is present in a population because the trait helps individuals survive and reproduce in a given environment
B: The center of the two chromosomes that holds them together. The centromeres split during anaphase 2
C: Testes or ovaries of the male or female reproductive organs
D: The process of reading instructions on an RNA molecule to put together the amino acids that make up a protein